Natural And Synthetic Fibres


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Natural And Synthetic Fibres

Natural And Synthetic Fibres:

Natural Fibres: Cotton, wool and silk are three important natural fibres, which are used in making fabrics. Cotton is a cellulose fibre, whereas wool and silk are protein fibres. Cellulose is a naturally occurring polymer found in the cell wall of the plants.

Synthetic Fibres (Man-Made Fibres): These are of two types:

(i) Those which are made from natural raw materials, e.g. rayon;

(ii) Those which are purely synthetic and do not require any natural raw materials, e.g. nylon and terylene.

Rayon: This is a man-made silk, which consists of purified cellulose in the form of long fibres. Rayon fibre is chemically identical to cotton but has a shine like silk and, hence, called artificial silk. Basically, derived from a renewable source, it is called a regenerated fibre. Rayon is used on a large scale in India for making textiles, tyre-cord, carpets and surgical dressing.

Nylon: Nylon was the first synthetic fibre made by man. Today it is used for a variety of purposes where high strength fibres are required, such as fishing nets, ropes, parachute fabrics and tyre-cord. It is also mixed with wool to make long lasting fabrics. Nylon is widely used as a plastic for making machine parts.

Polyester: Since this fibre contains many ester groups, it is called Polyester.

Polyester fibres, like nylon, absorb very little water, Clothes made of polyester, therefore, dry quickly. The fibre retains crease and lasts for a long time. Polyester fibres are widely used in the manufacture of textiles - sarees, dress materials and curtains. They are mixed with natural fibres for making blended textiles. Polyester is used for making sails for sail boats, and a variety of other materials such as water hoses, for fire fighting.

Carbon Fibres: Carbon fibres made of long chains of carbon atoms possess high strength and resistant to corrosion. They are made from regenerated or synthetic fibres by heating them in the absence of oxygen. Thereupon, the fibres decompose to produce carbon fibers. Carbon fibres are used in spacecraft and for making sports goods.

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